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Chia-Hsin Liu, Division of Research and Analysis, Taiwan Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare, No.161-2, Kunyang St, Nangang District, Taipei City 11561, Taiwan, R.O.C.
Yu-Ning Shin, Division of Research and Analysis, Taiwan Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare, No.161-2, Kunyang St, Nangang District, Taipei City 11561, Taiwan, R.O.C.
Ya-Chun Chou, Division of Research and Analysis, Taiwan Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare, No.161-2, Kunyang St, Nangang District, Taipei City 11561, Taiwan, R.O.C.Follow
Guan-Jhih Peng, Division of Research and Analysis, Taiwan Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare, No.161-2, Kunyang St, Nangang District, Taipei City 11561, Taiwan, R.O.C.
Ying-Ru Shen, Division of Research and Analysis, Taiwan Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare, No.161-2, Kunyang St, Nangang District, Taipei City 11561, Taiwan, R.O.C.
Nu-Ching Lin, Division of Research and Analysis, Taiwan Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare, No.161-2, Kunyang St, Nangang District, Taipei City 11561, Taiwan, R.O.C.
Shu-Han Chang, Division of Research and Analysis, Taiwan Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare, No.161-2, Kunyang St, Nangang District, Taipei City 11561, Taiwan, R.O.C.
Ya-Min Kao, Division of Research and Analysis, Taiwan Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare, No.161-2, Kunyang St, Nangang District, Taipei City 11561, Taiwan, R.O.C.
Su-Hsiang Tseng, Division of Research and Analysis, Taiwan Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare, No.161-2, Kunyang St, Nangang District, Taipei City 11561, Taiwan, R.O.C.
Der-Yuan Wang, Division of Research and Analysis, Taiwan Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare, No.161-2, Kunyang St, Nangang District, Taipei City 11561, Taiwan, R.O.C.

Keywords

Cocoa bean shells, GC-MS/MS, Katsuobushi, Plant-based food supplements, Polycyclic aromatic hydro-carbons, PAH4

Abstract

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are primarily generated through the incomplete combustion or pyrolysis oforganic materials in various industrial processes. Foods may become contaminated with environmental PAHs found inair, soil, or water, or through industrial food processing methods such as smoking, roasting, drying, and grilling. The Ministry of Health and Welfare in Taiwan has established maximum levels for benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and indicativevalues for BaP as well as PAH4 (the sum of benz[a]anthracene, chrysene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, and benzo[a]pyrene) infoods as operational guidelines. The current study developed an analytical method for simultaneous determination of PAH4 levels in katsuobushi (dried bonito flakes), cocoa bean shells, and plant-based food supplements using gaschromatographyetandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). Sample preparation methods were assessed using cyclo-hexane extraction and solid-phase extraction (SPE) for purification. PAH4 levels were subsequently quantified withmatrix-matched calibration curves combined with isotopic internal standards. The limit of quantitation (LOQ) for eachPAH was 5 mg/kg for katsuobushi and plant-based food supplements, and 1 mg/kg for cocoa bean shells. The effec-tiveness of the method was validated through each PAH analyte in the matrices of katsuobushi, cocoa bean shells, andplant-based food supplements. The average recoveries of PAH4 for fortified samples in each matrix ranged from 101.1 to115.6% with all coefficients of variation being less than 6.5%. This method is applicable for routine analysis of PAH4 in a diverse array of food products to ensure food safety.

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Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 License.

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